Directions: 假设您被要求就是否在国内或国外上大学提供建议，请写一篇文章来陈述您的意见。您需要写至少150 字但不超过200 字。

[参考样本]

是在国内还是国外上大学？

当前，随着出国留学越来越受到人们的欢迎，关于到底是在国内上大学还是出国大学，引发了激烈的争论。对于这个话题的看法因人而异。一些人认为在国内学习有更多好处，而另一些人则认为出国留学是更理想的选择，因为它更具挑战性。

就我个人而言，我非常支持后一种观点。下面列出的是我提出建议的原因。首先，出国留学提供了一个拓宽经验和思维的机会。您可以获得跨文化经验，并对您选择的研究领域获得新的视角。此外，出国留学还可以提高你的社交能力；你可以和不同背景的不同人交朋友。第三，留学有利于形成独立、自主、顽强的人格，最终有利于我们人生目标的实现。

古话说“读万卷书，不如行万里路”。那么出国留学不仅可以让我们在书本上收获，更可以在旅行中收获。这就是为什么出国留学对我来说是一个更好的选择。

第二部分听力理解

注：2017年6月，全国六级听力试卷共有两套。本套（第三套）听力材料与第一套完全相同，只是选项顺序不同，所以本套不再重复。

第三部分阅读理解（40 分钟）

A部分

Directions: 在本节中，有一段有十个空格。您需要从文章后面的单词库中给出的选项列表中为每个空白选择一个单词。在做出选择之前仔细阅读该段落。银行中的每个选择都由一个字母标识。请在答题卡2 上的每个项目上用一条穿过中心的单线标记相应的字母。您不得多次使用银行中的任何单词。

一项研究显示，当你在新地方睡觉时，你的一半大脑会保持警觉并为危险做好准备。这种现象通常被__26__ 称为“首夜效应”。布朗大学的研究人员发现，大脑左半球的网络比右脑的网络“仍然更加活跃”。与向__27__ 的左耳播放声音相比，向__27__ 的右耳播放声音（刺激左半球）更有可能唤醒他们。

据__28__观察，深度睡眠期间大脑的左侧更加活跃。当研究人员在第二个和第三个晚上重复实验室实验时，他们发现在深度睡眠期间，左半球无法以相同的方式受到刺激。研究人员解释说，该研究表明，当我们处于__29__ 环境中时，大脑会部分保持警觉，以便人类能够防御任何__30__ 危险。

研究人员认为，这是第一次不同大脑状态的“初夜效应”在人类中__31__。然而，这并不是第一次看到它。一些动物__32__也表现出这种现象。例如，海豚以及其他__33__ 动物在入睡时会关闭大脑的一侧半球。之前的一项研究指出，海豚总是__34__ 控制自己的呼吸。如果睡觉时大脑不活跃，他们很可能会被淹死。但是，正如人类研究表明的那样，海豚在睡眠时睁开眼睛的另一个原因是它们可以在睡觉时留意__35__。它还使他们的生理过程保持正常运转。

A）分类B）有意识地C）显着D）异国情调E）识别

F) 固有的G) 海洋H) 新颖的I) 潜在的J) 捕食者

K) 提及的L) 物种M) 具体N) 品种O) 志愿者

26.【分析】K.空格前是连系动词is和副词often，空格后是不定式to，所以这个空格应该填形容词或动词的-ed形式。所提到的选项与句子的含义相匹配。 beied as 是一个固定搭配，意思是“被称为”。所以选择K。

27.【分析】O.空格前是名词短语the rightears和介词of，空格后是连系动词was，所以这个空格应该填一个代表人的名词来表达从属关系。选项“志愿者”与句子的含义相匹配。所以选O。

28.【分析】M.空格之前是连系动词was，空格之后是observed动词的-ed形式，所以这个空格应该填一个副词来修饰observed。选项具体

符合.所以选择M。

29.【分析】H.空格之前是不定冠词a；空格后面是名词环境，所以这个空格应该填形容词。选项小说与句子的意思相匹配。因此选择H。

30.【分析】一空格之前是代词any，空格之后是名词danger，所以这个空格应该填形容词。选项潜力与句子的含义相匹配。所以选择I。

31.【分析】E.空格之前是现在完成时的标记词，空格之后是人类的介词短语，所以这个空格应该用动词的-ed形式来填充。所识别的选项与句子的含义相匹配。所以选择E。

32.【分析】L.空格之前是名词animal，空格之后是副词also和动词display。谓语和宾语是完整的，所以这个空间应该用一个名词来填充，形成一个以某种动物为主语的名词短语。选项种类与句子的含义相匹配。所以选择L。

33.【分析】G.空格前是代词other，空格后是名词animals，所以这个空格应该用形容词来填补。选项“marine”与句子的含义相匹配。所以选择G。

34.【分析】B.空格前是主语dolphins和宾语从句的副词always，空格后是谓语动词control，所以这个空格应该填一个副词来修饰control。

该选项有意识地与句子的含义相匹配。所以选B。

35.【分析】J.空格之前是谓语动词look out for，空格之后是时间状语从句while sleep，所以这个空格应该填一个名词作为表语从句的谓语。

选项预测符与句子的含义相匹配。所以选择J。

B部分

Directions: 在本节中，您将阅读一段附有十个陈述的段落。每条陈述都包含其中一个段落中给出的信息。确定信息来源的段落。您可以多次选择一个段落。每条陈述都包含其中一个段落中给出的信息。段落标有字母。通过在答题卡2 上标记相应的字母来回答问题。

精英数学竞赛努力使人才库多样化

[A] 近年来，人们对精英高中数学竞赛的兴趣与日俱增，鉴于去年夏天美国队在国际数学奥林匹克竞赛(IMO) 上获胜——这是二十多年来美国队首次获胜——这一趋势是可能会继续。

[B] 但是，此类竞赛绝大多数由来自中产阶级和富裕家庭的亚裔和白人学生主导，会变得更加多样化吗？许多社会和文化因素在决定哪些有前途的学生走上国际数学认可的道路上发挥着重要作用。但我们正在努力让更多的黑人、西班牙裔和低收入学生接触高等数学，希望高水平竞争者的人口群体最终会开始转变并变得不那么排斥。

[C] “挑战在于，如果某些类型的人在做某件事，其他人就很难闯入它，”去年美国数学奥林匹克竞赛获胜队的主教练Po-Shen Loh 说。他说，参与度是通过朋友和网络来增加的，如果“你意识到这就是他们成长的方式，你就可以开始采取行动”并引入其他学生。

[D] 大多数高级数学竞赛的训练都是在正常上课时间之外进行的。学生参加课外俱乐部、夏令营、在线论坛和课程以及大学“数学圈”，为比赛做准备。

[E] 高中数学竞赛（包括最终进入IMO 的竞赛）最大的资助者之一是一个名为Math Counts 的中学项目。全国约有100,000 名学生参加该项目的系列竞赛，最终在每年五月举行的全国游戏节目式竞赛中达到顶峰。最近的一次是上周在华盛顿特区举行的。学生们通过学校加入一支球队，学校提供一名志愿者教练，并支付象征性的费用，将学生送去参加地区和州的比赛。进入全国比赛的224名学生将获得一次免费旅行。

[F] 去年赢得IMO 的美国队几乎所有成员都以中学生身份参加了Math Counts，教练Loh 也是如此。 Loh 说：“中学是一个重要的年龄段，因为学生有足够的数学能力来解决高级问题，但他们还没有真正决定自己一生想要做什么。”“他们经常会对此着迷。”

[G] 另一个对高等数学学生有影响力的来源是一所名为Art of Problem Solving 的在线学校，该学校大约在13 年前成立，现在拥有15,000 名用户。学生们可以使用论坛免费聊天、玩游戏和解决问题，或者他们可以支付数百美元与经过培训的老师一起学习课程。据公司创始人Richard Rusczyk介绍，去年参加IMO比赛的六名美国队成员总共在该网站上学习了40多门课程。高等数学学生的家长和数学计数教练表示，孩子们经常访问该网站。

[H] 还有数十个夏令营——许多都附属于大学——旨在培养精英数学学生。有些课程价格昂贵——为期三周的强化课程可能花费4,500 美元或更多——但大多数都提供奖学金。数学奥林匹克夏季训练计划是由美国数学协会举办的为期三周的数学训练营，该训练营直接通往国际冠军，并且对成功者免费。根据笔试和美国数学奥林匹克竞赛的表现，仅邀请约50 名学生。

[I] 大学城的学生还可以使用另一种方式参与加速math: 数学圈。在这些源于东欧培养年轻人才的传统的小组中，教授们在放学后或周末教有前途的K-12 学生几个小时的高等数学。洛杉矶数学圈于2007 年在加州大学洛杉矶分校举办，最初只有20 名学生，现在已超过250 人。“这些数学圈不需要任何费用，或者对于学生来说参与起来非常便宜，但是“你必须了解他们，”鲁斯克说。“大多数人都希望从更受保护的人群中招收学生，但他们就是无法让他们进入大门。其中一部分是沟通；其中一部分是交通。”

[J] 在高等数学界，多样性是一个问题，这已不是什么秘密。美国数学协会竞赛主管马克·索尔(Mark Saul) 表示，在50 年来，没有一个非洲裔美国学生或西班牙裔学生——只有少数女孩——曾进入数学奥林匹克竞赛代表队。的存在。很多学校只是

don’t prioritize academic competitions. “Do you know who we have to beat?” asked Saul. “The football team, the basketball team—that’s our competition for resources, student time, attention, school dollars, parent efforts, school enthusiasm.”

[K] Teachers in low-income urban and rural areas with no history of participating in math competitions may not know about advanced-math opportunities like Math Counts—and those who do may not have support or feel trained to lead them.

[L] But there are initiatives in place to try to get more underrepresented students involved in accelerated math. A New York City-based nonprofit called Bridge to Enter Mathematics runs a residential summer program aimed at getting underserved students，mostly black and Hispanic, working toward math and science careers. The summer after 7th grade, students spend three weeks on a college campus studying advanced math for seven hours a day. Over the next five years, the group helps the students get into other elite summer math programs, high-performing high schools, and eventually college. About 250 students so far have gone through the program, which receives funding from the Jack Kent Cooke Foundation.

[M] “If you look at a lot of low-income communities in the United States, there are programs that are serving them, but they’ re primarily centered around ‘Let’s get these kids’ grades up’, and not around ‘Let’s get these kids access to the same kinds of opportunities as more-affluent kids,’” said Daniel Zaharopol, the founder and executive director of the program. “We’re trying to create that pathway.” Students apply to the program directly through their schools. “We want to reach parents who are not plugged into the system,” said Zaharopol.

[N] In the past few years, Math Counts added two new middle school programs to try to diversify its participant pool—the National Math Club and the Math Video Challenge. Schools or teachers who sign up for the National Math Club receive a kit full of activities and resources, but there’s no special teacher training and no competition attached.

[O] The Math Video Challenge is a competition, but a collaborative one. Teams of four students make a video illustrating a math problem and its real-world application. After the high-pressure Countdown round at this year’s national Math Counts competition, in which the top 12 students went head to head solving complex problems in rapid fire, the finalists for the Math Video Challenge took the stage to show their videos. The demographics of that group looked quite different from those in the competition round—of the 16 video finalists, 13 were girls and eight were African-American students. The video challenge does not put individual students on the hot seat—so it’s less intimidating by design. It also adds the element of artistic creativity to attract a new pool of students who may not see themselves as “math people”.

36. Middle school is a crucial period when students may become keenly interested in advanced mathematics.

36.【解析】 F。根据题干中的关键词middle school, crucial period, keenly interested in 可定位至原文的F)段。

37. Elite high school math competitions are attracting more interest throughout the United States.

37.【解析】A根据题干中的关鍵词elite high school math competitions, more interest 可定位至A)段。

38. Math circles provide students with access to advanced-math training by university professors.

38.【解析】I。根据题干中的关键词math circles, professors可定位至I)段。

39. Students may take advantage of online resources to learn to solve math problems.

39.【解析】G。根据题干中的关键词online resources 和 solve math problems 可定位至 G)段前两句。

40. The summer program run by a nonprofit organization has helped many underserved students learn advanced math.

40.【解析】L。根据题干中的关键词nonprofit organization, underserved students 可定位至L)段。

41. Winners of local contests will participate in the national math competition for free.

41.【解析】E。根据题干中的关键词national math competition, free 可定位至 E)段。

42. Many schools don’t place academic competitions at the top of their priority list.

42.【解析】J。根据题干中的关键词academic competitions, priority 可定位至 J)段。

43. Contestants of elite high school math competitions are mostly Asian and white students from well-off families.

43.【解析】B。根据题干中的关键词Asian and white students from well-off families可定位至B段。

44. Some math training programs primarily focus on raising students’ math scores.

44.【解析】M。根据题干中的关键词 focus on raising…math scores 可定位至 M)段。

45. Some intensive summer programs are very expensive but most of them provide scholarships.

45.【解析】H。根据题干中的关键词expensive, scholarships可定位至H)段。

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

We live today indebted to McCardell, Cashin, Hawes, Wilkins, and Maxwell, and other women who liberated American fashion from the confines of Parisian design. Independence came in tying, wrapping, storing, harmonizing, and rationalizing that wardrobe. These designers established the modem dress code, letting playsuits and other active wear outfits suffice for casual clothing, allowing pants to enter the wardrobe, and prizing rationalism and versatility in dress, in contradiction to dressing for an occasion or allotment of the day. Fashion in America was logical and answerable to the will of the women who wore it. Implicitly or explicitly, American fashion addressed a democracy, whereas traditional Paris-based fashion was prescriptive and imposed on women, willing or not.

In an earlier time, American fashion had also followed the dictates of Paris, or even copied and pirated specific French designs. Designer sportswear was not modeled on that of Europe, as “modem art” would later be; it was genuinely invented and developed in America. Its designers were not high-end with supplementary lines. The design objective and the business commitment were to sportswear, and the distinctive traits were problem-solving ingenuity and realistic lifestyle applications. Ease of care was most important: summer dresses and outfits, in particular, were chiefly cotton, readily capable of being washed and pressed at home. Closings were simple, practical, and accessible, as the modem woman depended on no personal maid to dress her. American designers prized resourcefulness and the freedom of women who wore the clothing.

Many have argued that the women designers of this time were able to project their own clothing values into a new style. Of course, much of this argument in the 1930s-40s was advanced because there was little or no experience in justifying apparel(服装) on the basis of utility. If Paris was cast aside, the tradition of beauty was also to some degree slighted. Designer sportswear would have to be verified by a standard other than that of pure beauty; the emulation of a designer’s life in designer sportswear was a crude version of this relationship. The consumer was ultimately to be mentioned as well, especially by the likes of Dorothy Shaver, who could point to the sales figures at Lord & Taylor.

Could utility alone justify the new ideas of the American designers? Fashion is often regarded as a pursuit of beauty, and some cherished fashion’s trivial relationship to the fine arts. What the designers of the American sportswear proved was that fashion is a genuine design art, answering to the demanding needs of service. Of course these practical, insightful designers have determined the course of late twentieth-century fashion. They were the pioneers of gender equity, in their useful, adaptable clothing, which was both made for the masses and capable of self-expression.

46. What contribution did the women designers make to American fashion?

A) They made some improvements on the traditional Parisian design.

B)They formulated a dress code with distinctive American features.

C)They came up with a brand new set of design procedures.

D)They made originality a top priority in their fashion design.

【答案】B

【解析】B。细节题。根据题目中的关键词women, designers, American fashion可定位至原文的第一段。因此选B。

47. What do we learn about American designer sportswear?

A) It imitated the European model.

B) It laid emphasis on women’s beauty.

C) It represented genuine American art.

D) It was a completely new invention.

【答案】C

【解析】根据题目中的关键词designer sportswear可定位至原文的第二段。因此选C。

48. What characterized American designer sportswear?

A) Pursuit of beauty. B) Decorative closings.

C) Ease of care. D) Fabric quality.

【答案】C

【解析】C。本题定位至原文的第二段。因此选C。

49. What occurred in the design of women’s apparel in America during the 1930s-40s?

A) A shift of emphasis from beauty to utility. B) The emulation of traditional Parisian design.

C)A search for balance between tradition and novelty.

D)The involvement of more women in fashion design.

【答案】A

【解析】A。根据题目中的关键词1930s-40s可定位至第三段。因此选A。

50. What do we learn about designers of American sportswear?

A)They catered to the taste of the younger generation.

B) They radically changed people’s concept of beauty.

C)They advocated equity between men and women.

D) They became rivals of their Parisian counterparts.

【答案】B

【解析】本题定位至最后一段。因此选B。

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

Massive rubbish dumps and sprawling landfills constitute one of the more uncomfortable impacts that humans have on wildlife. They have led some birds to give up on migration. Instead of flying thousands of miles in search of food, they make the waste sites their winter feeding grounds.

Researchers in Germany used miniature GPS tags to track the migrations of 70 white storks (鹳) from different sites across Europe and Asia during the first five months of their lives. While many birds travelled along well-known routes to warmer climates, others stopped short and spent the winter on landfills, feeding on food waste, and the multitudes of insects that thrive on the dumps.

In the short-term, the birds seem to benefit from overwintering(过冬) on rubbish dumps. Andrea Flack of the Max Planck Institute found that birds following traditional migration routes were more likely to die than German storks that flew only as far as northern Morocco, and spent the winter there on rubbish dumps. “For the birds it’s a very convenient way to get food. There are huge clusters of organic waste they can feed on,” said Flack. The meals are not particularly appetising, or even safe. Much of the waste is discarded rotten meat, mixed in with other human debris such as plastic bags and old toys.

“It’s very risky. The birds can easily eat pieces of plastic or rubber bands and they can die,” said Flack. “And we don’t know about the long-term consequences. They might eat something toxic and damage their health. We cannot estimate that yet.”

The scientists tracked white storks from different colonies in Europe and Africa. The Russian, Greek and Polish storks flew as far as South Africa, while those from Spain, Tunisia and Germany flew only as far as the Sahel.

Landfill sites on the Iberian peninsula have long attracted local white storks, but all of the Spanish birds tagged in the study flew across the Sahara desert to the western Sahel. Writing in the journal, the scientists describe how the storks from Germany were clearly affected by the presence of waste sites, with four out of six birds that survived for at least five months overwintering on rubbish dumps in northern Morocco, instead of migrating to the Sahel.

Flack said it was too early to know whether the benefits of plentiful food outweighed the risks of feeding on landfills. But that’s not the only uncertainty. Migrating birds affect ecosystems both at home and at their winter destinations, and disrupting the traditional routes could have unexpected side effects. White storks feed on locusts (蝗虫) and other insects that can become pests if their numbers get out of hand. “They provide a useful service,” said Flack.

51. What is the impact of rubbish dumps on wildlife?

A) They have forced white storks to search for safer winter shelters.

B)They have seriously polluted the places where birds spend winter.

C)They have accelerated the reproduction of some harmful insects.

D)They have changed the previous migration habits of certain birds.

【答案】D

【解析】根据题干关键词rubbish dumps和wild life ,以及题目顺序定位至文章第一段。因此选D。

52. What do we learn about birds following the traditional migration routes?

A) They can multiply at an accelerating rate.

B) They can better pull through the winter.

C) They help humans kill harmful insects.

D) They are more likely to be at risk of dying.

【答案】D

【解析】根据题干关键词birds following the traditional migration routes 定位至 文章第三段第二句。因此选D。

53. What does Andrea Flack say about the birds overwintering on rubbish dumps?

A) They may end up staying there permanently.

B) They may eat something harmful.

C) They may evolve new feeding habits.

D) They may have trouble getting adequate food.

【答案】B

【解析】本题定位在文章第三、四段。A、C 项原文未提及，D 项与文中意思相反，故选B。

54. What can be inferred about the Spanish birds tagged in the study?

A) They gradually lose the habit of migrating in winter.

B)They prefer rubbish dumps far away to those at home.

C)They are not attracted to the rubbish dumps on their migration routes.

D)They join the storks from Germany on rubbish dumps in Morocco.

【答案】C

【解析】根据题干关键词Spanish birds和tagged定位至文章第六段。

故选C。

55. What is scientists’ other concern about white storks feeding on landfills?

A) The potential harm to the ecosystem.

B) The genetic change in the stork species.

C) The spread of epidemics to their homeland.

D) The damaging effect on bio-diversity.

【答案】A

【解析】根据题干关键词scientists’ other concern和做题顺序定位至文章最后一段。故选A。

Part IV Translation (30 minutes)

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

明朝统治中国276年，被人们描绘成人类历史上治理有序、社会稳定的最伟大的时代之一。这一时期，手工业的发展促进了市场经济和城市化。大量商品，包括酒和丝绸，都在市场销售。同时，还进口许多外国商品，如时钟和烟草。北京、南京/扬州、苏州这样的大商业中心相继形成。也是在明代，由郑和率领的船队曾到印度洋进行了七次大规模探险航行。还值得一提的是，中国文学的四大经典名著中有三部写于明代。