第一部分写作

Directions: 对于这部分，您有30 分钟的时间在校园网站上撰写广告，出售您在大学使用的计算机。您的广告可能包括其品牌、规格特征、状况和价格以及您的联系信息。您应该写至少120 个字但不超过180 个字。

[参考样本]

您的终极选择——终极电脑

新学期你需要电脑吗？还在为买不起新电脑而苦恼吗？好消息给你！我的电脑可能是您可以考虑的一个选项。

首先，这是一台苹果笔记本电脑，是两年前花一万元买的。目前状况良好，功能齐全。此外，我的笔记本电脑是便携式的，因此您可以将其带到任何您想去的地方。存储空间足够大，可以让您完成任何作业，包括编辑和绘图。最后，搭配双核处理器和高性能显卡，让你玩网络游戏、看视频都能畅通无阻。

所以，如果您渴望拥有一台属于自己的电脑，请随时拨打我的电话1234567，我将为您提供50%的折扣！

【解析】“available”是指“可用”； “考虑”是指“考虑”； “存储空间”指“存储空间”； “双核处理器”指“双核处理器”； “畅通无阻”就是“畅通无阻”的意思。

第二部分听力理解

与第一组相同。

第三部分阅读理解

A部分

Directions: 在本节中，有一段有十个空格。您需要从文章后面的单词库中给出的选项列表中为每个空白选择一个单词。在做出选择之前仔细阅读该段落。银行中的每个选择都由一个字母标识。请在答题卡2 上的每个项目上用一条穿过中心的单线标记相应的字母。您不得多次使用银行中的任何单词。

第26 至35 题基于以下段落。

随着时间的推移，酿造啤酒的方法也发生了变化。例如，啤酒花赋予许多现代啤酒苦味，是__26__ 最近添加到饮料中的。这是在九世纪的酿造中首次被提及的。现在，研究人员在5000 年历史的啤酒酿造设备的残留物中发现了一种__27__ 成分。在中国中部平原的一个地点挖掘两个坑时，科学家们发现了罐子和器皿的碎片。不同形状的容器__28__ 用于酿造、过滤和储存啤酒。研究人员在《美国国家科学院院刊》上报道称，它们可能是古代“啤酒酿造工具”，也是中国啤酒酿造的最早__29__证据。为了__30__ 这一理论，研究小组检查了容器内淡黄色、干燥的__31__。科学家称，大部分谷物（约80%）来自大麦等谷类作物，约10% 是__32__ 百合的根部，这会使啤酒更甜。大麦是一个意外的发现：据研究人员称，这种作物在欧亚大陆西部被驯化，直到大约2000 年前才在中国中部成为__33__ 食物。根据该时间，他们表明大麦在该地区可能不是作为食物，而是作为啤酒酿造的__35__ 材料。

A) 到达B) 消费C) 直接D) 完全E) 包括F) 通知G) 原始H) 达到I) 相对J) 剩余K) 资源L) 主食M) 令人惊讶N) 建议O) 测试

26.【答】我

【分析】分析句子结构，从冠词a前面的空格和空格后面的形容词recent可以看出，空格中应该填一个副词来修饰recent。根据语义，relative 更合适。因此，本题选我做。

27.【答案】M

【分析】从冠词a前面的空格和空格后面的名词成分可知，空格中应该填一个形容词来修饰成分。根据句子的意思，填surprise最合适。因此，本题选M。

28.【答案】N

【分析】分析句子结构。空格中可能缺少一个谓语动词来指导后面的宾语从句。根据语义，填写建议最为合适。因此，本题选N。

29.【答案】C

【解析】空格中少了一个形容词，与earlys一起修饰名词证据。根据语义，直接填写比较合适。因此，本题选C。

30.【答案】O

【分析】该空格应填动词原形。根据句子的意思，填写test最合适。因此，本题选0。

31.【答案】J

【解析】从空格前的形容词dry可知，空格中应填名词。根据语义可以看出，results是最合适的。因此，本题选J。

32.【答案】E

【分析】从空格前的“大约10%是根的位”和空格后的“百合”来看，根据句子的意思，这里填介词“包括”最合适。因此，本题选E。

33.【答案】L

【分析】根据语义，这里应该填写staple这个词，staple food就是“主食”的意思。因此，本题应选L。

34.【答案】A

【分析】分析该句子，可知该从句具有主谓结构。空格只能与前面的may has构成谓语动词。根据语义可知，填写arrive最合适。因此，本题选A。

35.【答案】G

【分析】下列材料应填入形容词来修饰。根据语义，填raw最合适，所以本题选G。

B部分

Directions: 在本节中，您将阅读一段附有十个陈述的段落。每条陈述都包含其中一个段落中给出的信息。确定信息来源的段落。您可以多次选择一个段落。每条陈述都包含其中一个段落中给出的信息。段落标有字母。通过在答题卡2 上标记相应的字母来回答问题。

团队精神

[A] 团队已成为组织的基本组成部分。招聘广告通常呼吁“团队合作者” 商学院部分根据学生在小组项目中的表现对其进行评分。办公室经理拆除墙壁以鼓励团队建设。团队与文明一样古老，当然，甚至耶稣也有12 个同事。但德勤的一份新报告《全球人力资本趋势》基于对130 多个国家7,000 多名高管的调查，表明团队合作的时尚已经达到了新的高度。近一半的受访者表示，他们的公司要么正在进行重组，要么即将开始重组；在很大程度上，重组意味着更加重视团队。

[B] 公司正在放弃传统的职能部门，并将员工组织成跨学科的团队，专注于特定的产品、问题或客户。这些团队正在获得更多权力来管理自己的事务。他们还花更多的时间相互合作，而不是向上汇报。德勤认为，一种新的组织形式正在兴起， 团队网络正在取代传统的等级制度。

[C] 团队的时尚是由一种感觉驱动的，即旧的组织人员的方式对于现代市场和员工的期望来说都过于僵化。技术创新更加重视敏捷性，全球电子产品领导者思科系统公司(Cisco Systems Inc.) 董事长约翰·钱伯斯(John Chambers) 表示，“我们与市场转型竞争，而不是与竞争对手竞争。过去，产品转型需要五到七年的时间；现在他们只拿走一两个。”数字技术还使人们更容易协调他们的活动，而无需诉诸等级制度。很快将占富裕国家劳动力一半的“千禧一代”从幼儿园开始就被培养成小组工作。

[D] 团队的时尚也从常见的企业（例如GE 和IBM）扩展到一些更不寻常的企业。医院运营商克利夫兰诊所已将其医务人员重组为团队，以专注于特定的治疗领域；顾问、护士和其他人员密切合作，而不是按专业和级别分开。美国陆军也走了同样的路。斯坦利·麦克里斯特尔将军在他的《团队的团队》一书中描述了伊拉克战争早期阶段军队的等级结构如何阻碍其行动。他的解决方案是向正在战斗的叛军学习一些东西，将权力下放给自组织团队。

[E] 一个好的经验法则是，一旦将军和医院管理人员加入管理潮流，就该提出问题了。伊利诺伊州凯洛格管理学院的利·汤普森(Leigh Thompson) 警告说：“团队并不总是答案——团队可能会以独立工作的人无法提供的方式提供洞察力、创造力和知识；”但团队合作也可能导致混乱、延误和糟糕的决策。”哈佛大学已故的理查德·哈克曼曾经说过：“我毫不怀疑，当你拥有一个团队时，它就有可能产生魔力，创造出非凡的东西……但不要指望它。”

[F] Hackman（于2013 年去世）指出，团队受到协调和激励问题的阻碍，从而削弱了协作的好处。雄心勃勃的人（被迫在团队中工作的人可能会被低估，搭便车者可能会被赋予权力。群体思维可能是不可避免的。在一项针对120 个高级管理人员团队的研究中，他发现只有不到10% 的所谓成员同意这一点如果定义团队的成员已经足够困难，那么就其目标达成一致就更难了。

[G] 劳动力的深刻变化使得团队管理变得更加困难。如果团队成员拥有强大的共同文化，那么团队就会工作得最好。这是很难实现的，就像现在许多大公司的情况一样，很大一部分员工都是临时承包商。团队合作随着时间的推移而改善： 美国国家运输安全委员会发现，其民航数据库中73% 的事故发生在机组人员一起飞行的第一天。然而，正如哈佛大学的艾米·埃德蒙森（Amy Edmondson）指出的那样，组织越来越多地使用“团队”作为动词而不是名词：他们为了特定目的而组建团队，然后迅速解散。

[H] 这项研究至少可以得出的结论是，公司需要更加努力地思考团队管理。他们需要摆脱感伤主义的思想：最成功的团队都有能够设定总体方向并立即采取行动的领导者。他们需要保持团队规模小且专注：屈服于压力，变得更加“包容”，这注定会导致功能失调。亚马逊老板杰夫·贝佐斯表示，“如果我午餐看到两个以上的披萨，那么这个团队就太大了”。他们需要让团队免受群体思维的影响。哈克曼认为，最好的团队中包含愿意做一些可能令他人不安的事情的“离经叛道者”。

[I] 兼营咨询业务的家具制造商Steelcase 对17 个国家的12,000 名员工进行了一项新研究，发现确保员工“敬业度”的最佳方法是让他们更好地控制工作地点和工作方式-这可能

mean liberating them from having to do everything in collaboration with others.

[J] However, organisations need to learn something bigger than how to manage teams better: they need to be in the habit of asking themselves whether teams are the best tools for the job. Team-building skills are in short supply: Deloitte reports that only 12% of the executives they contacted feel they understand the way people work together in networks and only 21% feel confident in their ability to build cross-functional teams. Loosely managed teams can become hotbeds of distraction employees routinely complain that they can’t get their work done because they are forced to spend too much time in meetings or compelled to work in noisy offices. Even in the age of open-plan offices and social networks some work is best left to the individual.

36. Successful team leaders know exactly where the team should go and are able to take prompt action.

【答案】H

【解析】由“They need to rid their minds of sentimentalism: the most successful teams have leaders who are able to set an overall direction and take immediate action.”可得出答案。

37. Decentralisation of authority was also found to be more effective in military operations.

【答案】D

【解析】由“The US Army has gone the same way. In his book, Team of Teams, General Stanley McChrystal describes how the army’s hierarchical structure hindered its operations during the early stages of the Iraq war. His solution was to learn something from the rebels it was fighting: decentralising authority to self-organising teams.”可得出答案。

38. In many companies, the conventional form of organisation is giving way to a network of teams.

【答案】B

【解析】由“Deloitte argues that a new organizational form is on the rise: a network of teams is replacing the conventional hierarchy.”可知，答案为B。

39. Members of poorly managed teams are easily distracted from their work.

【答案】J

【解析】由“Loosely managed teams can become hotbeds of distraction—employees routinely complain that they can’t get their work done because they are forced to spend too much time in meetings or compelled to work in noisy offices.”可知，答案为J。

40. Teamwork is most effective when team members share the same culture.

【答案】G

【解析】由“Teams work best if their members have a strong common culture.”可知，答案为G。

41. According to a report by Deloitte, teamwork is becoming increasingly popular among companies.

【答案】A

【解析】由“But a new report by Deloitte, “Global Human Capital Trends”, based on a survey of more than 7,000 executives in over 130 countries, suggests that the fashion for teamwork has reached a new high.”可知，答案为A。

42. Some team members find it hard to agree on questions like membership and the team’s purpose.

【答案】F

【解析】由“If it is hard enough to define a team’s membership, agreeing on its purpose is harder still.”可知，答案为F。

43. Some scholars think teamwork may not always be reliable, despite its potential to work wonders.

【答案】E

【解析】由“The late Richard Hackman of Harvard University once argued, “I have no question that when you have a team, the possibility exists that it will generate magic, producing something extraordinary… But don’t count on it.””可知，答案为E。

44. To ensure employee’s commitment, it is advisable to give them more flexibility as to where and how they work.

【答案】I

【解析】由“A new study of 12,000 workers in 17 countries by Steelcase, a furniture-maker which also does consulting, finds that the best way to ensure employees are “engaged” is to give them more control over where and how they do their work-which may mean liberating them from having to do everything in collaboration with others.”可知，答案为I。

45. Product transitions take much less time now than in the past.

【答案】C

【解析】由“Product transitions used to take five or seven years; now they take one or two.”可知，答案为C。

Section C

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.

Passage One

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.

Urbanization — migration away from the suburbs to the central city — will be the biggest real estate trend in 2015, according to a new report.

The report says America’s urbanization will continue to be the most significant issue affecting the industry, as cities across the country imitate the walkability and transit-oriented development making cities like New York and San Francisco so successful.

As smaller cities copy the model of these “24-hour cities”，more affordable versions of these places will be created. The report refers to this as the coming of the “18-hour city”，and uses the term to refer to cities like Houston, Austin, Charlotte, and Nashville, which are “positioning themselves as highly competitive, in terms of livability, employment offerings, and recreational and cultural amenities.”

Another trend that looks significant in 2015 is that America’s largest population group, Millennials （千禧一代），will continue to put off buying a house. Apartments will retain their appeal for a while for Millennials, haunted by what happened to home-owning parents.

This trend will continue into the 2020s, the report projects. After that, survey respondents disagree over whether this generation will follow in their parents’ footsteps, moving to the suburbs to raise families, or will choose to remain in the urban core. The survey projects that this population cohort will evolve and segment over time, and warns against painting the generation with too broad a brush.

Another issue affecting real estate in the coming year will be America’s failing infrastructure. Most roads, bridges, transit, water systems, the electric grid, and communications networks were installed 50 to 100 years ago, and they are largely taken for granted until they fail.

The report’s writers state that America’s failure to invest in infrastructure impacts not only the health of the real-estate market, but also our ability to remain globally competitive.

Apart from the specific trends highlighted above, which cause some investors to worry, the report portrays an overall optimism borne by the recent healthy real-estate “upcycle” and improving economy. Seventy-four percent of the respondents surveyed report a “good to excellent” expectation of real-estate profitability in 2015. While excessive optimism can promote bad investment patterns, resulting in a real- estate “bubble”，the report’s writers downplay that potential outcome in that it has not yet occurred.

Some respondents to the Emerging Markets survey call the urbanization trend “oversubscribed”，and the report concedes that there do exist some edge cities and suburbs with promise. But these places are few and far between. The most successful places are those built using urban-design principles — with density, walkability, and good transit.

Real-estate investors in 2015 need to pay attention to the two main conclusion of the report: if a property resembles or relies upon sprawl in any way, or doesn’t appeal to Millennials, think before you invest.

46. According to the new report, real estate development in 2015 will witness

A) an accelerating speed

B) a shift to city centers

C) a new focus on small cities

D) an ever-increasing demand

【答案】B

【解析】根据题干关键词real estate development in 2015可定位至第一段。

47. What characterizes “24-hour cities” like New York?

A) People can live without private care.

B) People are generally more competitive.

C) People can employ services around the clock.

D) People are in harmony with the environment.

【答案】C

【解析】根据题干关键词24-hour cities和New York可定位至第三段。

48. Why are Millennials are reluctant to buy a house?

A) They can only afford small apartments.

B) The house prices are currently too high.

C) Their parents，bad experience still haunts them.

D) They feel attached to the suburban environment.

【答案】C

【解析】根据题干关键词Millennials和buy a house可定位第四段。

49. What might hinder real estate development in the U.S.?

A) The continuing economic recession in the country.

B) The lack of confidence on the part of investors.

C) The fierce global competition.

D) The worsening infrastructure.

【答案】D

【解析】根据题干关键词hinder和real estate development可定位至第六、七段。

50. How do most of the respondents in the survey feel about the U.S. real-estate market in 2015?

A) Pessimistic. B) Hopeful.

C) Cautious. D) Uncertain.

【答案】B

【解析】根据题干关键词respondents和real-estate market in 2015可定位至第八段。

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.

The brain is truly a marvel. A seemingly endless library, whose shelves house our most precious memories as well as our lifetime’s knowledge. But is there a point where it reaches capacity? In other words, can the brain be “full”？

The answer is a resounding no, because, well, brains are more sophisticated than that. A study published in Nature Neuroscience earlier this year shows that instead of just crowding in, old information is sometimes pushed out of the brain for new memories to form.

Previous behavioural studies have shown that learning new information can lead to forgetting. But in a new study, researchers demonstrated for the first time how this effect occurs in the brain.

In daily life, forgetting actually has clear advantages. Imagine, for instance, that you lost your bank card. The new card you receive will come with a new personal identification number (PIN). Each time you remember the new PIN, you gradually forget the old one. This process improves access to relevant information, without old memories interfering.

And most of us will be able to identify with the frustration of having old memories interfere with new, relevant memories. Consider trying to remember where you parked your car in the same car park you were at a week earlier. This type of memory (where you are trying to remember new, but similar information) is particularly susceptible to interference.

When we acquire new information, the brain automatically tries to incorporate it within existing information by forming associations. And when we retrieve information, both the desired and associated but irrelevant information is recalled.

The majority of previous research has focused on how we learn and remember new information. But current studies are beginning to place greater emphasis on the conditions under which we forget, as its importance begins to be more appreciated.

A very small number of people are able to remember almost every detail of their life. While it may sound like an advantage to many, people with this rare condition often find their unusual ability burdensome.

Some report an inability to think about the present or the future, because of the feeling of constantly living in the past, caught in their memories. And this is what we all might experience if our brains didn’t have a mechanism for superseding information that’s no longer relevant and did indeed fill up.

At the other end of the spectrum is a phenomenon called “accelerated long-term forgetting”，which has been observed in epilepsy and stroke patients. As the name suggests, these people forget newly learnt information at a much faster rate, sometimes within a few hours, compared to what’s considered normal.

It’s believed this represents a failure to “consolidate” or transfer new memories into long-term memory. But the processes and impact of this form of forgetting are still largely unexplored.

In a sense，forgetting is our brain’s way of sorting memories, so the most relevant memories are ready for retrieval. Normal forgetting may even be a safety mechanism to ensure our brain doesn’t become too full.

51.What have past behavioural studies found about our brain?

A) Its capacity actually knows no limits.

B) It grows sophisticated with practice.

C) It keeps our most precious memories until life’s end.

D) New information learned pushes old information out.

【答案】D

【解析】根据题干中的关键词past behavioural studies可定位至第三段。

52. What is the benefit of forgetting?

A) It frees us from painful memories.

B) It helps slow down our aging process.

C) It facilitates our access to relevant information.

D) It prevents old information from forming associations.

【答案】C

【解析】本题定位至第四段。

53. What is the emphasis of current studies of memory?

A) When people tend to forget.

B) What contributes to forgetting.

C) How new technology hinders memory capacity.

D) Why learning and forgetting are complementary.

【答案】B

【解析】根据题干中的关键词emphasis和current studies可定位至第七段。

54. What do people find about their rare ability to remember every detail of their life?

A) It adds to the burden of their memory.

B) It makes their life more complicated.

C) It contributes to their success in life.

D)It constitutes a rare object of envy.

【答案】A

【解析】根据题干中的关键词every detail of their life可定位至第八段。

55.What does the passage say about forgetting?

A) It can enlarge our brain capacity.

B) It helps get rid of negative memories.

C) It is a way of organizing our memories.

D) It should not cause any alarm in any way.

【答案】C

【解析】本题定位至最后一段。

Part IV Translation

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.

黄河是亚洲第三、世界第六长的河流。”黄”这个字描述的是其河水浑浊的颜色。黄河发源 于青海，流经九个省份，最后注入渤海。黄河是中国赖以生存的几条河流之一。黄河流域(river basin)是中国古代文明的诞生地，也是中国早期历史上最繁荣的地区。然而，由于极具破坏力的洪水频发，黄河曾造成多次灾害。在过去几十年里，政府采取了各种措施防止灾害发生。

【参考译文】The Yellow River ranks the third longest in Asia and the sixth longest in the world. The word “yellow” describes the muddy water of the river. The Yellow River, one of several rivers for China to live on, originates from Qinghai, flows through nine provinces, and finally pours into the Bohai Sea. The river basin is not only the birthplace of ancient Chinese civilization, but also the most prosperous region in the early history of China. However, due to the frequent devastating floods, it has caused many disasters. In the past few decades, the government has taken various measures to prevent disasters.